What are the reasons for elderly diabetes?
Age-Related Insulin Resistance
One of the main reasons diabetes is more common in older people is that their bodies don’t use insulin as well as they used to. Insulin is a hormone that helps control blood sugar levels.
As we age, our bodies become less sensitive to insulin, called insulin resistance. This is one of the biggest reasons older adults are more likely to get Type 2 diabetes. The pancreas makes insulin and can also become less effective with age. It may not produce enough insulin or work fast enough to meet the body’s needs.
These issues make it harder for older people to keep their blood sugar at normal levels, which can lead to diabetes. Other things like being less active and having more inflammation can worsen insulin resistance.
Changes in Body Composition
As people get older, their bodies change. They often have more body fat and less muscle. Muscles are important for using up glucose (sugar) in the body, so having less muscle means there is less place for the sugar to go.
This leads to higher blood sugar levels. On top of that, extra body fat, especially around the stomach, can make it harder for the body to use insulin, which increases the risk of diabetes.
Visceral fat, stored around the stomach area, is especially harmful because it can release substances that cause inflammation and interfere with insulin’s function. Many older adults also have lower levels of physical activity and hormone changes that make it hard to maintain a healthy balance of muscle and fat in their bodies.
Lifestyle Factors
For many older people, lifestyle factors like being less active, eating unhealthy foods, and gaining weight can play a significant role in getting diabetes. It can be challenging for older adults to stay active because of joint problems, pain, or other health conditions, which can lead to weight gain and an increased risk of diabetes.
Eating habits are also a big factor. Diets high in sugar and processed foods make it hard to keep blood sugar levels stable, while not eating enough healthy nutrients can worsen the body’s overall health. Some older people may have trouble getting fresh, healthy foods or may find cooking difficult, which can lead to poor eating habits.
Other Health Conditions
Specific health problems that are more common with age can also raise the risk of diabetes. High blood pressure and high cholesterol are common in older people and are linked to the development of Type 2 diabetes.
Medications used to manage these health issues, like steroids and beta-blockers, can also make it harder to keep blood sugar levels under control.
Chronic inflammation, which often increases with age, can also make it harder for the body to use insulin properly. Kidney function tends to decline as people get older, which can also make it harder to control blood sugar levels, adding to the risk of diabetes.
Decreased Physical Activity
Staying active is very important for keeping blood sugar levels under control. However, many older people become less active as they age, often because of joint pain, chronic health problems, or weakness.
Not getting enough exercise can lead to weight gain, which is a significant risk factor for diabetes. Regular physical activity helps the body use insulin better, which lowers the risk of diabetes.
Exercise helps with weight control, keeps the heart healthy, improves mood, and maintains muscle mass. Walking, swimming, tai chi, and light strength training can benefit older adults. These activities help them stay active without putting too much strain on their bodies.
Genetics
Genetics also play a role in why diabetes is more common in older people. Those who have a family history of diabetes are more likely to develop the condition as they get older. Genetic life, style, and health changes can increase the risk of diabetes.
Genes affecting how the body makes and uses insulin can raise the chances of diabetes. Although you can’t change your genes, knowing your family history can help you make healthier choices and monitor your health to reduce risk.
Prevention Tips for Older Adults
Even though we can’t stop ageing, there are several things older people can do to lower their risk of developing diabetes:
Exercise Regularly
Do at least 30 minutes of physical activity most days of the week. Activities like walking, swimming, and strength training can help the body use insulin better and keep weight under control. Exercises like yoga and tai chi can also improve flexibility and balance, which helps reduce the risk of falling and supports overall health.
Eat a Healthy Diet
Eating a balanced diet that includes whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and lean proteins can help keep blood sugar levels stable. Avoiding sugary foods and processed snacks is also important. Eating fibre-rich foods like beans, oats, and leafy greens can help prevent blood sugar spikes. Healthy fats, like those found in nuts, seeds, and olive oil, are also good for heart health.
Get Regular Check-Ups
Regular health check-ups are important for keeping track of blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Early detection of prediabetes can help prevent it from turning into Type 2 diabetes. Routine eye exams and foot care are also essential for people with diabetes or at risk of it, as complications can develop without early symptoms.
Manage Weight
Keeping a healthy weight, primarily by reducing belly fat, can help lower the risk of insulin resistance. Weight control can be managed through a good diet, regular exercise, and stress management. Setting realistic goals and getting support from healthcare professionals or community programs can also be helpful.
Manage Stress
Chronic stress can lead to hormone problems, making it harder to control blood sugar levels. Techniques like meditation, deep breathing exercises, and spending time outside can help manage stress. Staying social and keeping in touch with friends and family can also support mental health and reduce stress.
Conclusion
Diabetes is more common in older people because of changes in the body, lower insulin sensitivity, and lifestyle factors. By understanding these risks and making healthy changes, older adults can significantly reduce their chances of getting Type 2 diabetes. Staying active, eating a balanced diet, managing stress, and getting regular check-ups are all critical steps to staying healthy as we age.
If you or a loved one are worried about diabetes risk, talk to a healthcare provider for personalised advice and screening options. Early action and taking care of your health can make a big difference in lowering the risk of diabetes and living a healthier, happier life as you get older.
